## nm-settings-keyfile

nm-settings-keyfile — Description of keyfile settings plugin

## Description

NetworkManager is based on the concept of connection profiles that contain network configuration (see nm-settings(5) for details). The profiles can be stored in various formats. NetworkManager uses plugins for reading and writing the data. The plugins can be configured in NetworkManager.conf(5).

The keyfile plugin is the generic plugin that supports all the connection types and capabilities that NetworkManager has. It writes files out in a .ini-style format in `/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/`. This plugin is always enabled and will automatically be used to store any connections that are not supported by any other active plugin. For security, it will ignore files that are readable or writable by any user or group other than 'root' since private keys and passphrases may be stored in plaintext inside the file.

## File Format

The keyfile config format is a simple .ini-style format. It consists of sections (groups) of key-value pairs. Each section corresponds to a setting name as described in the settings specification (nm-settings(5)). Each configuration key/value pair in the section is one of the properties listed in the settings specification. The majority of properties of the specification is written in the same format into the keyfile too. However some values are inconvenient for people to use. These are stored in the files in more readable ways. These properties are described below. An example could be IP addresses that are not written as integer arrays, but more reasonably as "1.2.3.4/12 1.2.3.254". More information of the generic key file format can be found at GLib key file format (Lines beginning with a '#' are comments, lists are separated by character `;` etc.).

Users can create or modify the keyfile connection files manually, even if that is not the recommended way of managing the profiles. However, if they choose to do that, they must inform NetworkManager about their changes (see monitor-connection-file in nm-settings(5) and nmcli con (re)load).

Examples of keyfile configuration.

    A sample configuration for an ethernet network:
    [connection]
    id=Main eth0
    uuid=27afa607-ee36-43f0-b8c3-9d245cdc4bb3
    type=802-3-ethernet
    autoconnect=true

    [ipv4]
    method=auto

    [802-3-ethernet]
    mac-address=00:23:5a:47:1f:71

    A sample configuration for WPA-EAP (PEAP with MSCHAPv2) and always-ask secret:
    [connection]
    id=CompanyWIFI
    uuid=cdac6154-a33b-4b15-9904-666772cfa5ee
    type=wifi
    autoconnect=false

    [wifi]
    ssid=CorpWLAN
    mode=infrastructure
    security=802-11-wireless-security

    [wifi-security]
    key-mgmt=wpa-eap

    [ipv4]
    method=auto

    [ipv6]
    method=auto

    [802-1x]
    eap=peap;
    identity=joe
    ca-cert=/home/joe/.cert/corp.crt
    phase1-peapver=1
    phase2-auth=mschapv2
    password-flags=2

    A sample configuration for openvpn:
    [connection]
    id=RedHat-openvpn
    uuid=7f9b3356-b210-4c0e-8123-bd116c9c280f
    type=vpn
    timestamp=1385401165

    [vpn]
    service-type=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.openvpn
    connection-type=password
    password-flags=3
    remote=ovpn.my-company.com
    cipher=AES-256-CBC
    reneg-seconds=0
    port=443
    username=joe
    ca=/etc/openvpn/ISCA.pem
    tls-remote=ovpn.my-company.com

    [ipv6]
    method=auto

    [ipv4]
    method=auto
    ignore-auto-dns=true
    never-default=true

    A sample configuration for a bridge and a bridge port:
    [connection]                                 [connection]
    id=MainBridge                                id=br-port-1
    uuid=171ae855-a0ab-42b6-bd0c-60f5812eea9d    uuid=d6e8ae98-71f8-4b3d-9d2d-2e26048fe794
    interface-name=MainBridge                    interface-name=em1
    type=bridge                                  type=ethernet
                                                 master=MainBridge
    [bridge]                                     slave-type=bridge
    interface-name=MainBridge

    A sample configuration for a VLAN:
    [connection]
    id=VLAN for building 4A
    uuid=8ce1c9e0-ce7a-4d2c-aa28-077dda09dd7e
    interface-name=VLAN-4A
    type=vlan

    [vlan]
    interface-name=VLAN-4A
    parent=eth0
    id=4

## Details

keyfile plugin variables for the majority of NetworkManager properties have one-to-one mapping. It means a NetworkManager property is stored in the keyfile as a variable of the same name and in the same format. There are several exceptions to this rule, mainly for making keyfile syntax easier for humans. The exceptions handled specially by keyfile plugin are listed below. Refer to nm-settings(5) for all available settings and properties and their description.

Name aliases. Some of the NetworkManager setting names are somewhat hard to type or remember. Therefore keyfile introduces aliases that can be used instead of the names.

setting name keyfile alias
802-3-ethernet = ethernet
802-11-wireless = wifi
802-11-wireless-security = wifi-security

Table 54. bridge setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
mac-address | mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation, or semicolon separated list of 6 decimal bytes (obsolete) Example: mac-address=00:22:68:12:79:A2 mac-address=0;34;104;18;121;162;

Table 55. infiniband setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
mac-address | mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation, or or semicolon separated list of 20 decimal bytes (obsolete) Example: mac-address= 80:00:00:6d:fe:80:00:00:00:00:00:00:00:02:55:00:70:33:cf:01

Table 56. ipv4 setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
dns | dns | list of DNS IP addresses | List of DNS servers. Example: dns=1.2.3.4;8.8.8.8;8.8.4.4;
addresses | address1, address2, ... | address/plen | List of static IP addresses. Example: address1=192.168.100.100/24 address2=10.1.1.5/24
gateway | gateway | string | Gateway IP addresses as a string. Example: gateway=192.168.100.1
routes | route1, route2, ... | route/plen[,gateway,metric] | List of IP routes. Example: route1=8.8.8.0/24,10.1.1.1,77 route2=7.7.0.0/16

Table 57. ipv6 setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
dns | dns | list of DNS IP addresses | List of DNS servers. Example: dns=2001:4860:4860::8888;2001:4860:4860::8844;
addresses | address1, address2, ... | address/plen | List of static IP addresses. Example: address1=abbe::cafe/96 address2=2001::1234
gateway | gateway | string | Gateway IP addresses as a string. Example: gateway=abbe::1
routes | route1, route2, ... | route/plen[,gateway,metric] | List of IP routes. Example: route1=2001:4860:4860::/64,2620:52:0:2219:222:68ff:fe11:5403

Table 58. serial setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
parity | parity | 'e', 'o', or 'n' | The connection parity; even, odd, or none. Note that older versions of NetworkManager stored this as an integer: 69 ('E') for even, 111 ('o') for odd, or 110 ('n') for none. Example: parity=n

Table 59. vpn setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
data | separate variables named after keys of the dictionary |  | The keys of the data dictionary are used as variable names directly under [vpn] section. Example: remote=ovpn.corp.com cipher=AES-256-CBC username=joe
secrets | separate variables named after keys of the dictionary |  | The keys of the secrets dictionary are used as variable names directly under [vpn-secrets] section. Example: password=Popocatepetl

Table 60. 802-3-ethernet setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
mac-address | mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation (e.g. 00:22:68:12:79:A2), or semicolon separated list of 6 bytes (obsolete) (e.g. 0;34;104;18;121;162)
cloned-mac-address | cloned-mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | Cloned MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation (e.g. 00:22:68:12:79:B2), or semicolon separated list of 6 bytes (obsolete) (e.g. 0;34;104;18;121;178).
mac-address-blacklist | mac-address-blacklist | list of MACs (separated with semicolons) | MAC address blacklist. Example: mac-address-blacklist= 00:22:68:12:79:A6;00:22:68:12:79:78

Table 61. 802-11-wireless setting (section)

Property | Keyfile Variable | Format | Description
--- | --- | --- | ---
ssid | ssid | string (or decimal-byte list - obsolete) | SSID of Wi-Fi network. Example: ssid=Quick Net
mac-address | mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation (e.g. 00:22:68:12:79:A2), or semicolon separated list of 6 bytes (obsolete) (e.g. 0;34;104;18;121;162).
cloned-mac-address | cloned-mac-address | usual hex-digits-and-colons notation | Cloned MAC address in traditional hex-digits-and-colons notation (e.g. 00:22:68:12:79:B2), or semicolon separated list of 6 bytes (obsolete) (e.g. 0;34;104;18;121;178).
mac-address-blacklist | mac-address-blacklist | list of MACs (separated with semicolons) | MAC address blacklist. Example: mac-address-blacklist= 00:22:68:12:79:A6;00:22:68:12:79:78

### Secret flags

Each secret property in a NetworkManager setting has an associated flags property that describes how to handle that secret. In the keyfile plugin, the value of -flags variable is a decimal number (0 - 7) defined as a sum of the following values:

- 0 - (NM owned) - the system is responsible for providing and storing this secret.

- 1 - (agent-owned) - a user-session secret agent is responsible for providing and storing this secret; when it is required, agents will be asked to provide it.

- 2 - (not-saved) - this secret should not be saved but should be requested from the user each time it is required.

- 4 - (not-required) - in some situations it cannot be automatically determined that a secret is required or not. This flag hints that the secret is not required and should not be requested from the user.

## Files

`/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*`

## See Also

nm-settings(5), nm-settings-ifcfg-rh(5), NetworkManager(8), NetworkManager.conf(5), nmcli(1), nmcli-examples(7)