## Message Output and Debugging Functions

Message Output and Debugging Functions — functions to output messages and help debug applications

## Functions

void | g_print ()
GPrintFunc | g_set_print_handler ()
void | ( *GPrintFunc ) ()
void | g_printerr ()
GPrintFunc | g_set_printerr_handler ()
#define | g_return_if_fail ()
#define | g_return_val_if_fail ()
#define | g_return_if_reached
#define | g_return_val_if_reached ()
#define | g_warn_if_fail ()
#define | g_warn_if_reached
void | g_on_error_query ()
void | g_on_error_stack_trace ()
#define | G_BREAKPOINT

## Includes

    #include <glib.h>

## Description

These functions provide support for outputting messages.

The g_return family of macros (`g_return_if_fail()`, `g_return_val_if_fail()`, `g_return_if_reached()`, `g_return_val_if_reached()`) should only be used for programming errors, a typical use case is checking for invalid parameters at the beginning of a public function. They should not be used if you just mean "if (error) return", they should only be used if you mean "if (bug in program) return". The program behavior is generally considered undefined after one of these checks fails. They are not intended for normal control flow, only to give a perhaps-helpful warning before giving up.

## Functions

### g_print ()

    void
    g_print (const gchar *format,
             ...);

Outputs a formatted message via the print handler. The default print handler simply outputs the message to stdout, without appending a trailing new-line character. Typically, `format` should end with its own new-line character.

g_print() should not be used from within libraries for debugging messages, since it may be redirected by applications to special purpose message windows or even files. Instead, libraries should use `g_log()`, or the convenience functions `g_message()`, `g_warning()` and `g_error()`.

#### Parameters

format | the message format. See the `printf()` documentation |
... | the parameters to insert into the format string |

### g_set_print_handler ()

    GPrintFunc
    g_set_print_handler (GPrintFunc func);

Sets the print handler.

Any messages passed to `g_print()` will be output via the new handler. The default handler simply outputs the message to stdout. By providing your own handler you can redirect the output, to a GTK+ widget or a log file for example.

#### Parameters

func | the new print handler |

#### Returns

the old print handler

### GPrintFunc ()

    void
    (*GPrintFunc) (const gchar *string);

Specifies the type of the print handler functions. These are called with the complete formatted string to output.

#### Parameters

string | the message to output |

### g_printerr ()

    void
    g_printerr (const gchar *format,
                ...);

Outputs a formatted message via the error message handler. The default handler simply outputs the message to stderr, without appending a trailing new-line character. Typically, `format` should end with its own new-line character.

g_printerr() should not be used from within libraries. Instead `g_log()` should be used, or the convenience functions `g_message()`, `g_warning()` and `g_error()`.

#### Parameters

format | the message format. See the `printf()` documentation |
... | the parameters to insert into the format string |

### g_set_printerr_handler ()

    GPrintFunc
    g_set_printerr_handler (GPrintFunc func);

Sets the handler for printing error messages.

Any messages passed to `g_printerr()` will be output via the new handler. The default handler simply outputs the message to stderr. By providing your own handler you can redirect the output, to a GTK+ widget or a log file for example.

#### Parameters

func | the new error message handler |

#### Returns

the old error message handler

### g_return_if_fail()

    #define             g_return_if_fail(expr)

Verifies that the expression `expr` , usually representing a precondition, evaluates to `TRUE`. If the function returns a value, use `g_return_val_if_fail()` instead.

If `expr` evaluates to `FALSE`, the current function should be considered to have undefined behaviour (a programmer error). The only correct solution to such an error is to change the module that is calling the current function, so that it avoids this incorrect call.

To make this undefined behaviour visible, if `expr` evaluates to `FALSE`, the result is usually that a critical message is logged and the current function returns.

If G_DISABLE_CHECKS is defined then the check is not performed. You should therefore not depend on any side effects of `expr` .

#### Parameters

expr | the expression to check |

### g_return_val_if_fail()

    #define             g_return_val_if_fail(expr,val)

Verifies that the expression `expr` , usually representing a precondition, evaluates to `TRUE`. If the function does not return a value, use `g_return_if_fail()` instead.

If `expr` evaluates to `FALSE`, the current function should be considered to have undefined behaviour (a programmer error). The only correct solution to such an error is to change the module that is calling the current function, so that it avoids this incorrect call.

To make this undefined behaviour visible, if `expr` evaluates to `FALSE`, the result is usually that a critical message is logged and `val` is returned from the current function.

If G_DISABLE_CHECKS is defined then the check is not performed. You should therefore not depend on any side effects of `expr` .

#### Parameters

expr | the expression to check |
val | the value to return from the current function if the expression is not true |

### g_return_if_reached

    #define             g_return_if_reached()

Logs a critical message and returns from the current function. This can only be used in functions which do not return a value.

### g_return_val_if_reached()

    #define             g_return_val_if_reached(val)

Logs a critical message and returns `val` .

#### Parameters

val | the value to return from the current function |

### g_warn_if_fail()

    #define             g_warn_if_fail(expr)

Logs a warning if the expression is not true.

#### Parameters

expr | the expression to check |

Since 2.16

### g_warn_if_reached

    #define             g_warn_if_reached()

Logs a critical warning.

Since 2.16

### g_on_error_query ()

    void
    g_on_error_query (const gchar *prg_name);

Prompts the user with `[E]xit, [H]alt, show [S]tack trace or [P]roceed`. This function is intended to be used for debugging use only. The following example shows how it can be used together with the `g_log()` functions.

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    #include <glib.h>

    static void
    log_handler (const gchar   *log_domain,
                 GLogLevelFlags log_level,
                 const gchar   *message,
                 gpointer       user_data)
    {
      g_log_default_handler (log_domain, log_level, message, user_data);

      g_on_error_query (MY_PROGRAM_NAME);
    }

    int
    main (int argc, char *argv[])
    {
      g_log_set_handler (MY_LOG_DOMAIN,
                         G_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING |
                         G_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR |
                         G_LOG_LEVEL_CRITICAL,
                         log_handler,
                         NULL);
      ...

If "[E]xit" is selected, the application terminates with a call to _exit(0).

If "[S]tack" trace is selected, `g_on_error_stack_trace()` is called. This invokes gdb, which attaches to the current process and shows a stack trace. The prompt is then shown again.

If "[P]roceed" is selected, the function returns.

This function may cause different actions on non-UNIX platforms.

#### Parameters

prg_name | the program name, needed by gdb for the "[S]tack trace" option. If `prg_name` is `NULL`, `g_get_prgname()` is called to get the program name (which will work correctly if `gdk_init()` or `gtk_init()` has been called) |

### g_on_error_stack_trace ()

    void
    g_on_error_stack_trace (const gchar *prg_name);

Invokes gdb, which attaches to the current process and shows a stack trace. Called by `g_on_error_query()` when the "[S]tack trace" option is selected. You can get the current process's program name with `g_get_prgname()`, assuming that you have called `gtk_init()` or `gdk_init()`.

This function may cause different actions on non-UNIX platforms.

#### Parameters

prg_name | the program name, needed by gdb for the "[S]tack trace" option |

### G_BREAKPOINT

    #  define G_BREAKPOINT()        G_STMT_START{ __asm__ __volatile__ ("int $03"); }G_STMT_END

Inserts a breakpoint instruction into the code.

On x86 and alpha systems this is implemented as a soft interrupt and on other architectures it raises a `SIGTRAP` signal.

## Types and Values